APPENDIX D

APPENDIX D - TEAM RACING RULES

Team races shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of Sailing as changed by this appendix. If umpires will be used the sailing instructions shall so state.

D1 CHANGES TO THE RACING RULES
D1.1 Definitions and the Rules of Parts 2 and 4
(a) In the definition Zone the distance is changed to two hull lengths.

(b) Rule 18.2(a) is changed to:
(a) When the first of two boats reaches the zone,
(1) if the boats are overlapped, the outside boat at that moment shall give the inside boat mark-room;
(2) if the boats are not overlapped, the boat that has not reached the zone at that moment shall give the other boat mark-room.
If a boat passes head to wind and at that moment is clear astern of a boat in the zone, she shall give the clearahead boat mark-room.
When a boat is required to give mark-room by this rule, she shall continue to do so for as long as this rule applies, even if later an overlap is broken or a new overlap begins.

If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, or she later becomes clear ahead when another boat passes head to wind, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room.

(d) When rule 20 applies the following arm signals by the helmsman are required in addition to the hails:
(1) for ‘Room to tack’, repeatedly and clearly pointing to windward; and
(2) for ‘You tack’, repeatedly and clearly pointing at the other boat and waving the arm to windward.
Sailing instructions may delete this requirement.

(e) Rule 24.1 is changed to:
‘If reasonably possible, a boat not racing shall not interfere with a boat that is racing, and a boat that has finished shall not act to interfere with a boat that has not finished.’

(f) Add new rule 24.3:
‘When boats in different races meet, any change of course by either boat shall be consistent with complying with a rule or trying to win her own race.’

(g) Add to rule 41:
(e) help from another boat on her team provided electronic communication is not used.
(h) Rule 45 is deleted.

D1.2 Protests and Requests for Redress
(a) A boat may
(1) protest another boat, but her protest is invalid if it alleges a breach of a rule of Part 2 and she was not involved in the incident, unless the incident involved contact between boats (This changes rule 60.4(a)(2).);
(2) remove her red flag after it has been conspicuously displayed (This changes rule 60.2(a)(1).);
(3) request redress, but not for damage or injury caused by another boat on her team (This changes rule 61.1(a).).
(b) The race committee and protest committee shall not protest a boat for breaking a rule of Part 2 except
(1) based on evidence in a report from an umpire after a black and white flag has been displayed; or
(2) under rule 14 upon receipt of a report from any source alleging damage or injury.
(c) Protests and requests for redress need not be in writing. The protest committee may take evidence in any way it considers appropriate and may communicate its decision orally.
(d) When a supplied boat suffers a breakdown, rule D5 applies.

D1.3 Penalties
(a) Rule 44.1 is changed to:
A boat may take a One-Turn Penalty when she may have broken one or more rules of Part 2, or rule 31 or 42, in an incident while racing. However, she or her team may be further penalized under rule D2.3 or D3.3 if the incident caused injury or damage, or despite taking a penalty her team has gained an advantage.

(b) When a boat clearly indicates that she will take a penalty under rule 44.1, she shall take that penalty

(c) There shall be no penalty for breaking a rule of Part 2 when the incident is between boats on the same team and there is no contact.

D2 UMPIRED RACES
D2.1 When Rule D2 Applies; Redress and Breakdowns
(a) Rule D2 applies to umpired races. Races to be umpired shall be identified in the notice of race or sailing instructions or by the display of flag J no later than the warning signal.

(b) A boat that protests under a rule listed in rule D2.2 or D2.3 for an incident while racing shall hail ‘Protest’ and display a red flag and is not entitled to a hearing. This changes rules 60.2(a)(1) and 63.2(a).

(c) A boat requesting redress for an incident in the racing area, or requesting a breakdown score change under rule D5.2, shall conspicuously display a red flag at the first reasonable opportunity after the incident or breakdown. She shall display the red flag until it is acknowledged by the race committee or an umpire.

D2.2 Protests by Boats
When a boat protests under a rule of Part 2 or rule 31 or 42:
(a) Boats shall be given time to respond.

(b) An umpire may penalize any boat that broke a rule, is not exonerated, and did not take the appropriate penalty.

D2.3 Penalties Initiated by an Umpire
When a boat
(a) breaks rule 31 or 42 and does not take a penalty;

(b) breaks a rule of Part 2 and makes contact with another boat on her team or with a boat in another race, and no boat takes penalty;

(d) breaks rule 14 and there is damage or injury;

(e) breaks rule D1.3(b) or D2.5; or

(f) commits a breach of sportsmanship

an umpire may penalize her, or report the incident to the protest committee, or both. No protest is required.

D2.4 Signals by an Umpire
An umpire shall signal a decision with one long sound and the display of a flag as follows:

(a) For no penalty, a green and white flag.

(b) To penalize one or more boats, a red flag. The umpire shall hail or signal to identify each boat penalized.

D2.5 Taking a Penalty Signalled by an Umpire
A boat penalized by an umpire shall take a Two-Turns Penalty. However, when a boat is penalized under rule D2.3 and an umpire hails or signals a number of turns, the boat shall take that number of One-Turn Penalties.

D2.6 Limitations on Other Proceedings
(a) A boat may not protest under rule D1.3(b) or D2.5.

(b) A decision, action or non-action of an umpire shall not be
(1) the basis for a request for redress or appeal by a boat, or
(2) grounds for abandoning a race after it has started.

(c) However, the protest committee may call a hearing to consider redress when it believes that an umpire boat may have seriously interfered with a boat racing.

D3 SCORING A RACE
D3.1 (a) Each boat finishing a race shall be scored points equal to her finishing place. All other boats shall be scored points equal to the number of boats entitled to race.

(b) When a boat is OCS and does not then either return to start or promptly retire, 10 points shall be added to her score.

(c) When a boat finishes and has not sailed the course, 6 points shall be added to her score, unless rule D3.1(b) applies.

(d) When a boat fails to take a penalty imposed by an umpire at or near the finishing line, she shall be scored as retired.

(e) When a boat is scored as retired after finishing, each boat with a worse finishing place shall be moved up one place.

D3.2 When all boats on one team have finished, retired or failed to start, the other team’s boats racing at that time shall be scored the points they would have received had they finished.

D3.3 When a protest committee decides that a boat that is a party to a protest hearing has broken a rule and was not exonerated:
(a) If the boat has broken
(1) rule 1 or 2,
(2) rule 14 when she has caused damage or injury, or
(3) a rule when not racing,
half or more race wins may be deducted from her team, or no penalty may be imposed. Race wins deducted shall not be awarded to any other team.

(b) If the boat has broken a rule other than the rules mentioned in D3.3(a) while racing and not taken or received a penalty for that breach, 6 points shall be added to her score.

D3.4 The team with the lower total points wins the race. If the totals are equal, the team that does not have first place wins.

D4 SCORING AN EVENT

D4.1 Terminology
(a) The racing format at an event will consist of one or more stages. (b) In a round-robin stage teams are assigned to one or more groups and scheduled to sail one or more round-robins. A round robin is a schedule of races in which each team sails once against each other team in the same group.

(d) The notice of race or sailing instructions may specify other formats and scoring methods.

D4.2 Terminating a Stage
(a) The race committee may terminate a stage at any reasonable time taking into account the entries, weather, time constraints and other relevant factors.

(b) When a round-robin stage is terminated, any round-robin in the stage in which 80% or more of the full schedule of races has been completed shall be scored as complete; if fewer races have been completed, the round-robin shall not be scored, but may be used to break ties.

D4.3 Scoring a Round-Robin Stage
(a) In a round-robin stage the teams shall be ranked in order of number of race wins, highest number first. If the teams in a round-robin group have not completed an equal number of races, they shall be ranked in order of the percentage of races won, highest number first.

(b) If a round-robin in the stage is not completed, teams shall be ranked according to the results from all completed round-robins in the stage.

D4.4 Round-Robin Tie Breaks
Ties in a completed round-robin stage shall be broken by using, in the following order, only the results in the stage,
(a) the highest number of race wins in all races between the tied teams;
(b) the lowest total points scored in all races between the tied teams;
(c) if two teams remain tied, the winner of the last race between them;
(d) the lowest average points scored in all races against common opponents;
(e) a sail-off if possible, otherwise a game of chance.
If a tie is partially broken by one of these, the remaining tie shall be broken by starting again at rule D4.4(a).

D4.5 Ties in an Incomplete Round-Robin Stage
Ties in an incomplete round-robin stage shall be broken whenever possible using the results from races between the tied teams in any incomplete round-robin.
Other ties shall be broken in accordance with rule D4.4.

D4.6 Scoring a Knock-Out Stage
The winner of a match is the first team to score the number of race wins stated in the sailing instructions.

D4.7 Incomplete Knock-Out Stage
If a match in a knock-out stage is not completed (including 0-0), the result of the match shall be determined using, in order,

(a) the higher number of race wins in the incomplete match;

(b) the higher number of race wins in all races in the event between the tied teams;

(d) the winner of the most recent race between the teams.

If this rule fails to determine a result, the stage shall be tied unless the sailing instructions provide for some other result.

D5 BREAKDOWNS WHEN BOATS ARE SUPPLIED BY THE ORGANIZING AUTHORITY
D5.1 Rule D5 applies when boats are supplied by the organizing authority.

D5.2 When a boat suffers a breakdown in the racing area, she may request a score change by displaying a red flag at the first reasonable opportunity after the breakdown until it is acknowledged by the race committee or by an umpire. If possible, she shall continue racing.

D5.3 The race committee shall decide requests for a score change in accordance with rules D5.4 and

5.5. It may take evidence in any way it considers appropriate and may communicate its decision orally.

D5.4 When the race committee decides that the team’s finishing position was made significantly worse, that the breakdown was through no fault of the crew, and that in the same circumstances a reasonably competent crew would not have been able to avoid the breakdown, it shall make as equitable a decision as possible. This may be to abandon and resail the race or, when the boat’s finishing position was predictable, award her points for that position. Any doubt about a boat’s position when she broke down shall be resolved against her.

D5.5 A breakdown caused by defective supplied equipment or a breach of a rule by an opponent shall not normally be determined to be the fault of the crew, but one caused by careless handling, capsizing or a breach by a boat on the same team shall be. If there is doubt, it shall be presumed that the crew are not at fault.